India is now a place where health literacy is gradually spreading and being recognized. While women’s health is also getting its due notice, one area that often slips under the radar but warrants immediate attention is breast cancer. That’s because 1 in 28 women in India can develop breast cancer in their lifetime.
According to WHO, breast cancer was the most common cancer in women in 157 countries out of 185, causing 670,000 deaths in 2022. Early detection and understanding of the various aspects of this disease can significantly improve treatment outcomes and survival rates. This blog will discuss every aspect, including types, causes, symptoms and ways to prevent breast cancer.
What is Breast Cancer?
Breast cancer is a diagnosis almost all women worry about, and understandably so. It’s because roughly half of all breast cancer in women has no specific risk factor other than sex and age. Breast cancer is a disease that develops due to abnormal and uncontrolled growth of breast cells in lobules, ducts or surrounding connective tissues.
This rapid growth of breast cells leads to the formation of a tumor. These tumors can either be benign, non-cancerous and will not spread or malignant, grow and sometimes metastasize to the blood vessels, lymph nodes or other body areas. It can be seen on the x-ray or felt as a lump. While breast cancer can develop in any of the breast tissues, it is most commonly found in the lobules and ducts. Although it primarily affects women, men can also develop breast cancer, which is rare.
Types of Breast Cancer
Breast cancer encompasses different types, each defined by the specific cells involved and their behavior. Understanding each type can help with diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Breast cancer is classified into two categories – invasive breast cancer and non-invasive breast cancer. Here’s an overview of the primary categories and specific types of breast cancer.
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS):
- DCIS is a non-invasive breast cancer starting in the milk ducts. It doesn’t spread beyond the ducts into the surrounding breast tissue and is considered one of the most treatable forms of breast cancer.
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC):
- IDC is the most common breast cancer type, accounting for about 80% of all diagnoses. It begins in the milk ducts and then invades the surrounding breast tissue, potentially spreading to other body parts.
Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC):
- This type of cancer begins in the milk-producing lobules and spreads to the surrounding tissues. It is less common than IDC but still represents a large portion of breast cancer cases.
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC):
- TNBC lacks estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and excess HER2 protein, making it difficult to treat with hormonal therapies. It also typically grows and spreads more quickly than other types.
Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC):
- IBC is an aggressive but rare form of breast cancer, causing the breast to appear red, swollen, and warm due to the cancer cells blocking lymph vessels in the skin.
Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC):
- LCIS is not classified as cancer, but has a greater risk of getting breast cancer at a later stage. It involves abnormal cell growth in the lobules.
Sarcoma
Breast sarcomas develops in the connective tissues of the breast and is a rare type of breast cancer.
Symptoms of Breast Cancer
Breast cancer symptoms can vary widely, and some people may not experience any noticeable signs initially. Here are some common symptoms you need to watch out for:
- Lump or Mass: Check for a new lump or mass in the breast or underarm.
- Changes in size or shape: See if there is a sudden change in the contour or appearance of your breast.
- Skin Changes: Check for any dimpling, redness or puckering of the breast skin.
- Nipple Changes: Inversion of the nipple or discharge that is not breast milk.
- Swelling: Any swelling in or near the breast that persists.
- Texture Change: Check for any redness, scaling, or thickening of the nipple or breast skin.
If you notice any of these symptoms, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional in Sarjapur for a prompt diagnosis.
Causes and Risk Factors
Breast cancer can develop due to a combination of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Here are some key risk factors you need to be aware of:
- Genetic Factors: Around 5-10% of breast cancer cases are believed to be hereditary, caused by abnormal genes like BRCA1 and BRCA2 that are passed down from parents to children.
- Lifestyle Factors: Factors such as obesity, lack of physical activity, overconsumption of alcohol, and smoking can be contributing factors to developing breast cancer.
- Age: Most breast cancer cases are found in women over the age of 50, meaning the risk of developing breast cancer increases with age.
- Family History: If any of your blood relatives (mother, sister, or daughter) had breast cancer, it would increase your risk, specifically if they were diagnosed before the age of 50.
- Hormone Therapy: Postmenopausal hormone therapy (PHT) that includes estrogen and progesterone is often linked to an increased risk of breast cancer.
- Radiation Exposure: Any previous radiation therapy to the chest area can increase the risk.
10 Strategies To Prevent Breast Cancer
Breast Self-Examination (BSE)
Regular self-exams are essential to detect any unusual changes early on. Some reports even suggest that if all women performed BSEs, along with regular cancer checkups and mammograms, 95% of breast cancers could be prevented from becoming fatal.
Genetic Testing
Women with a family history of breast cancer must consider genetic testing to determine the risk. Early detection typically makes a significant difference in prognosis.
Adopt a Healthy Diet
A balanced diet rich in fresh fruits, nuts, seeds, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats may help reduce risk. The Mediterranean diet is said to be the best kind of diet.
Limit Alcohol Consumption:
Studies have shown women with regular alcohol consumption habits are at higher risk of developing breast cancer. Limiting alcohol intake can help reduce that risk.
Maintain a Healthy Weight:
Being overweight or obese, particularly after menopause, can increase the risk of breast cancer. A healthy diet and regular physical activity are crucial to breast cancer prevention.
Avoid or Limit Hormone Therapy:
If possible, avoid postmenopausal hormone therapy that combines estrogen and progesterone. Talk to your doctor about alternative options.
Regular Screenings and Mammograms:
Regular screenings are beneficial in detecting breast cancer at an early stage. At an early stage, breast cancers have higher chances of treatment. Women aged 40 and above must consider annual mammograms.
Breastfeed if Possible
According to the CDC, breastfeeding may lower a mother’s ovarian and breast cancer risk.
Genetic Counseling
If you have a family history of breast cancer, consider genetic counseling for personalized risk assessment and management strategies.
Don’t Ignore the Signs
Consult a healthcare expert in Sarjapur if you experience any of the symptoms mentioned above to limit the risk of breast cancer.
Hope for the Future: Vaccine Research
While there is no approved vaccine for breast cancer yet, promising research is underway! Scientists and healthcare experts are developing vaccines to prevent the recurrence of breast cancer in healthy individuals. This innovative work brings hope for a future where breast cancer can be effectively prevented or treated.
To Wrap It Up
Knowing the symptoms, causes, and risk factors linked to breast cancer can empower individuals to take proactive steps toward prevention. Regular screenings, such as mammograms and consultations with healthcare professionals, are vital for early detection and effective management. By adopting healthier lifestyle choices and being aware of personal risk factors, individuals can significantly reduce their chances of developing this disease.
At WellAura, we are committed to providing personalized care and guidance for women’s health and wellness. Our team offers various services, from genetic counseling to preventive screenings, to help you stay ahead in your health journey. If you have concerns or queries about breast cancer, please reach out to WellAura for a consultation. Together, we can take proactive steps toward a healthier future.
FAQs
Can I get breast cancer if I do not have a family history of it?
Yes, most women diagnosed with breast cancer have no family history of the disease. While family history does increase your risk, other factors like age, sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, alcohol, smoking and environmental factors can also contribute.
At what age should I start getting mammograms?
The recommended age to start getting mammograms is typically 40 for women at average risk. However, most healthcare professionals suggest starting earlier if you have a family history of breast cancer.
Can diet and exercise reduce the risk of breast cancer?
Yes, maintaining a healthy diet and exercising regularly can reduce your risk of breast cancer. Staying active helps manage your weight, which is a critical factor in lowering your risk, especially after menopause.
